Summer 2018 saw some notably extreme weather in multiple locations around coque samsung s4 mini rabat the Northern Hemisphere. There were heatwaves in the Western United States, Western Europe, the Caspian region through Siberia, and Japan as well. That’s not necessarily interesting on its face, as there’s always weird weather going on somewhere. But this was not a coincidence, as all these events were physically linked by the physics coque samsung galaxy core prime moto of the jet stream. It’s a linkage that could contribute to a crisis for food production.

The Northern Hemisphere jet stream is a coque souple iphone 4 band of strong winds that marks a boundary between cold Arctic air and warmer mid latitude air. As the jet stream slides farther north or south, it brings changes in temperatures coque samsung galaxy ace 4 swag with it, via the cold and warm fronts that can bring rain.

The jet stream’s path can range from a neat, east west stripe around the planet to lazy meanders that form coque samsung galaxy s4 mini gold serpentine shapes. In a five meander pattern, for example, the northward bends (called “ridges”) tend to set up over iphone 4 coque animaux the coque samsung tissu middle of North America, Eastern Europe, and Eastern Asia at the coque samsung s_+ same time. In these ridges, warm air is pulled northward, and warm, sunny conditions prevail because of high air pressure the recipe for a heatwave.

In the seven coque samsung a6 plus personnalisable meander pattern, the ridges shift toward Western North America, Western Europe, Western Asia (around the Caspian Sea), and Central Asia.

Enlarge / The areas identified as seeing much higher chances of heatwaves during five meander (top) fanatic elements coque samsung and seven meander jet stream patterns.

Kornhuber et al./Nature Climate Change

The researchers identified these patterns using wind data from the last few decades but also by looking for heat extremes. That showed that heat extremes are much more likely in some of these areas during fiveor coque samsung galaxy s6 edge spigen sgp neo hybrid seven meander jet streams. In central North coque iphone 4 rouge America, for example, 45 out of the 520 weeks of summertime data had a five meander pattern. The probability of a heatwave in those 45 weeks coque cr7 iphone 4 was seven times greater than at other times.

When you look coque samsung galaxy j5 my hero academia for heatwaves occurring in central North America, Eastern Europe, and wish coque samsung galaxy core prime Eastern Asia at the same time, this pattern jumps out even more clearly. Simultaneous heatwaves were 21 times more likely during five meander jet stream patterns. The story is similar for simultaneous heatwaves in North America, Western Europe, and coque samsung j3 couleur Western Asia during seven meander patterns.

Does climate change fit into this coque samsung galaxy s6 super héros That’s not easy coque samsung s9 one piece to answer. Increasing temperatures mean that heatwaves are coque survivor iphone 4 more extreme than they used to be regardless of the coque samsung a3 star wars jet stream’s behavior. But the influence of climate change on the jet stream is genuinely debated. Some studies see a link and project an increase in coque samsung a3 2017 rouge meandering behavior, but untangling human coque samsung s9 johnny hallyday caused changes and natural variability has been particularly difficult on this question.

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